How the score works. Each priority uses the workbook's own 0–100 component scores where they exist
(investment composite, affordability, yield, income, growth, health, and amenity scores from the RE Investment Rank tab).
Warmth is scored from the USDA hardiness zone where most residents live (population-weighted), appreciation blends FHFA's 5-year house-price change with the
1-year change (percentile-ranked across the metros that report it) and the Zillow 12-month change, and low taxes from a blend of
property, sales, and top income-tax rates. A twelfth priority, low supply risk, scores fewer new homes built per resident
and permits not surging (high permits + rising permits = more oversupply risk). A thirteenth priority, safety & low risk,
averages the FEMA disaster score (100 minus the National Risk Index composite, v1.20 Dec 2025) and the crime score
(100 minus the percentile of the overall crime rate, FBI 2025) — a place with no data on either counts as neutral.
Four livability priorities round out the set: broadband access (percentile of households with a broadband subscription),
low housing burden (100 minus the percentile of households spending half or more of income on housing), clean air
(100 minus the percentile of the median daily AQI), and low cost of living (100 minus the percentile of the BEA
Regional Price Parity) — from County Health Rankings 2025, EPA AirData 2025, and BEA 2024. Air quality is the
thinnest of the four: EPA county data covers only 499 of 935 areas, so places without it count as neutral on
clean air and show as limited data.
The two risk filters narrow by the FEMA rating or cap the violent crime rate; Puerto Rico has no risk data in either
source, so its areas always show as limited data on this priority. Growth also blends in U-Haul's 2025
in-migration ranking for the 26 metros it covers, and affordability also blends in home price relative to the local median
wage where BLS reports one. Healthcare access is scored by the finder itself — a percentile blend of
physicians per 10,000 residents (HRSA) and hospital beds per 10,000 (CMS) — kept separate from the workbook's economic
health score. The amenity score is now built on all 16 counted chains (breadth, store density, and air service);
the workbook's RE Investment Rank tab still shows the 8-chain figure until it is refreshed. The store lists on each card
show all 16 counted chains. Twelve CBSAs (10 in Puerto Rico, 2 Connecticut micros) have no component scores in the
workbook's rank tab, so the finder computes the same measures for them from their raw ACS and BEA figures; a priority with no data
at all counts as a neutral 50 and is flagged on the card as limited data. The card names which priorities were
scored, and the data-completeness filter can hide places below the threshold you set. The political-lean filter uses the
workbook's computed PVI (county 2024 results blended with 2020) — it is not Cook's own PVI number.
Sources (the CBSA workbook, snapshot Nov 5, 2026). Population, income, home values, and rents: ACS 2024 5-year.
House-price change: FHFA HPI 2026Q2. GDP and income growth: BEA 2024 county data, aggregated. Jobs: QCEW 2024→2025.
Climate: Trewartha class (WorldClim 1970–2000) and USDA 2023 hardiness zones. Airports and airlines: FAA / BTS T-100, 2025.
Chain counts from official store locators, October 2026: 16 of 21 tracked chains are counted (the original 8 plus Target,
Dunkin', Wendy's, Chipotle, In-N-Out, Culver's, CAVA, and Kohl's). Walmart, Sam's Club, McDonald's, Panera, and Aldi are
blocked at their locators, so they stay excluded rather than counted as zero; Dunkin's sitemap omits Oregon, Washington,
Idaho, and Montana, so zeros there reflect the sitemap, not a verified absence. Healthcare: physicians from HRSA's Area
Health Resources Files (AMA 2023; physician assistants and nurse practitioners from NPI 2024) and hospitals and beds from
CMS hospital cost reports, FY2024 file (Worksheet S-3, Line 14, Column 2 only; file snapshot Oct 2, 2026; provider fiscal
years inside it end Oct 2023–Oct 2025, so the beds are not a single-date snapshot). No county-level registered-nurse counts
exist in the source, so none are shown; seven Connecticut CBSAs have no physician figures (the planning-region split in
the source) but do have CMS hospital data. Twelve CBSAs (10 in Puerto Rico, 2 Connecticut micros)
have no investment composite and are scored on the remaining data. Merged November 5, 2026: Zillow ZHVI
(Aug 2026) and 12-month change, building permits (2025 and Jan–Sep 2026), BLS wage data (May 2025), a CBSA
political-lean score computed from county presidential votes (75% 2024 / 25% 2020; not Cook's own number),
Köppen climate classes, Case-Shiller (Jun 2026, 20 metros), U-Haul growth ranks (2025), and the regional
housing-market index (Oct 2026). Risk & Livability columns were filled Nov 5, 2026: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025) and FBI Crime Data Explorer
2025 agency data aggregated to county, County Health Rankings 2025 (broadband access and severe housing cost burden, ACS 2019–2023),
EPA AirData annual median AQI by county (2025), and BEA Regional Price Parities, all items, US=100 (2024) — the MSA RPP where BEA
publishes one, the state metropolitan-portion RPP for the 20 metros without one, and the state nonmetropolitan-portion RPP for
micropolitan areas (BEA publishes no micro RPP). Puerto Rico has no NRI, crime, CHR, or RPP data, so its areas are blank on those
columns; EPA AQI does cover Puerto Rico. AQI is missing for Connecticut areas because EPA's county file still uses Connecticut's
eight old counties, which don't match the planning-region map. Hover over any figure on a card for its source and vintage.